{"id":2161,"date":"2022-10-14T21:45:52","date_gmt":"2022-10-14T13:45:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dodomachine.com\/?p=2161"},"modified":"2026-01-08T14:03:35","modified_gmt":"2026-01-08T06:03:35","slug":"identification-des-defauts-et-analyse-des-causes-de-la-vanne-dinversion-a-4-voies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dodomachine.com\/fr\/4-way-reversing-valve-fault-identification-and-cause-analysis\/","title":{"rendered":"Identification des d\u00e9fauts et analyse des causes de la vanne d'inversion \u00e0 4 voies"},"content":{"rendered":"
1. Structure et utilisation de la vanne \u00e0 quatre voies<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
La vanne \u00e0 quatre voies se compose de trois parties :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
vanne pilote<\/li>
vanne principale<\/li>
bobine de sol\u00e9no\u00efde<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
La bobine du sol\u00e9no\u00efde peut \u00eatre retir\u00e9e. La vanne pilote et la vanne principale sont soud\u00e9es ensemble.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Une br\u00e8ve introduction au principe de fonctionnement de la vanne \u00e0 quatre voies :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lorsque la bobine \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tique est hors tension, comme illustr\u00e9 sur la figure ci-dessous : le tiroir pilote \u2461 se d\u00e9place vers la droite sous l'action du ressort de compression \u2462, et le gaz haute pression p\u00e9n\u00e8tre dans le tube capillaire \u2460 puis dans la cavit\u00e9 du piston \u2464. D'autre part, le gaz dans la cavit\u00e9 du piston \u2463 est \u00e9vacu\u00e9. Il y a une diff\u00e9rence de pression, le piston et le tiroir principal \u2465 se d\u00e9placent vers la droite, de sorte que les tuyaux E et S sont connect\u00e9s, et les tuyaux D et C sont connect\u00e9s, formant ainsi un cycle de r\u00e9frig\u00e9ration comme illustr\u00e9 sur la figure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Lorsque la bobine sol\u00e9no\u00efde est aliment\u00e9e, comme le montre la figure ci-dessous, la vanne pilote \u2461 surmonte la tension du ressort de compression \u2462 et se d\u00e9place vers la gauche sous l'action de la force magn\u00e9tique g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e par la bobine sol\u00e9no\u00efde. En raison de la diff\u00e9rence de pression entre les deux extr\u00e9mit\u00e9s du piston, le piston et la vanne \u00e0 tiroir principal \u2465 se d\u00e9placent vers la gauche, de sorte que les tuyaux S et C sont connect\u00e9s, et les tuyaux D et E sont connect\u00e9s, formant ainsi un cycle de chauffage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Identification des d\u00e9fauts d'inversion des vannes \u00e0 deux et quatre voies<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
1. D\u00e9bit interm\u00e9diaire : il n'est pas difficile de le trouver \u00e0 partir de la structure de la vanne \u00e0 quatre voies. Lorsque la vanne \u00e0 tiroir principale est en position m\u00e9diane, comme indiqu\u00e9 sur la figure ci-dessous, les trois tuyaux E, S et C sont reli\u00e9s entre eux et il existe un certain d\u00e9bit interm\u00e9diaire. \u00c0 ce moment, le compresseur est \u00e0 haute pression. Le r\u00e9frig\u00e9rant dans le tube peut refluer directement vers le tube basse pression. Le but de la conception du d\u00e9bit interm\u00e9diaire est que lorsque la vanne \u00e0 tiroir principale est en position m\u00e9diane, elle puisse soulager la pression et emp\u00eacher le syst\u00e8me de climatisation d'\u00eatre endommag\u00e9 par la haute pression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. Relation entre la diff\u00e9rence de pression et le d\u00e9bit : La condition de base pour l'inversion de la vanne \u00e0 quatre voies est que la diff\u00e9rence de pression aux deux extr\u00e9mit\u00e9s du piston (c'est-\u00e0-dire la diff\u00e9rence de pression entre le tuyau d'\u00e9chappement et le tuyau d'aspiration) (F1-F2) doit \u00eatre sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la r\u00e9sistance de frottement f, sinon, les quatre La vanne traversante n'inversera pas la direction. La diff\u00e9rence de pression de fonctionnement minimale requise pour l'inversion est garantie par le d\u00e9bit du syst\u00e8me. Lorsque la diff\u00e9rence de pression (F1-F2) entre les chambres de piston gauche et droite est sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la r\u00e9sistance de frottement f, la vanne \u00e0 quatre voies commence \u00e0 changer de direction. Lorsque le tiroir principal se d\u00e9place vers la position m\u00e9diane, les tuyaux E, S et C de la vanne \u00e0 quatre voies sont connect\u00e9s les uns aux autres, comprimant Une partie du r\u00e9frig\u00e9rant refoul\u00e9 du compresseur s'\u00e9coulera directement de la vanne \u00e0 quatre voies D via les connexions E et C vers la connexion S (orifice de retour d'air du compresseur), formant un \u00e9tat d'\u00e9coulement de gaz instantan\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u00c0 ce stade, si le d\u00e9bit de r\u00e9frig\u00e9rant \u00e9vacu\u00e9 par le compresseur est bien sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 la perte de d\u00e9bit interm\u00e9diaire de la vanne \u00e0 quatre voies, la diff\u00e9rence de pression haute et basse ne diminuera pas consid\u00e9rablement et la vanne \u00e0 quatre voies pr\u00e9sente une diff\u00e9rence de pression d'inversion suffisamment importante pour mettre en place la vanne \u00e0 tiroir principal ; si le compresseur \u00e9vacue Lorsque le d\u00e9bit de r\u00e9frig\u00e9rant de la vanne \u00e0 quatre voies est insuffisant, la diff\u00e9rence de pression haute et basse sera consid\u00e9rablement r\u00e9duite en raison de la perte du d\u00e9bit interm\u00e9diaire de la vanne \u00e0 quatre voies. En position m\u00e9diane, une cha\u00eene de gaz se forme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trois. Raisons possibles d'un d\u00e9bit de r\u00e9frig\u00e9rant insuffisant<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Une fuite externe se produit dans le syst\u00e8me de climatisation, entra\u00eenant une circulation insuffisante du r\u00e9frig\u00e9rant dans le syst\u00e8me\u00a0;<\/li>
Lorsque le temps est tr\u00e8s froid, l\u2019\u00e9vaporation du r\u00e9frig\u00e9rant n\u2019est pas suffisante ;<\/li>
La vanne \u00e0 quatre voies n'est pas bien adapt\u00e9e au syst\u00e8me et la vanne \u00e0 quatre voies s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9e a un d\u00e9bit interm\u00e9diaire important et une petite capacit\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me\u00a0;<\/li>
Temps d'inversion du climatiseur. En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, le syst\u00e8me est con\u00e7u de telle sorte que la vanne \u00e0 quatre voies ne change pas de direction jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le compresseur soit arr\u00eat\u00e9 pendant un certain temps. \u00c0 ce moment, la haute et la basse pression ont tendance \u00e0 s'\u00e9quilibrer et l'inversion s'arr\u00eate en position m\u00e9diane, c'est-\u00e0-dire que la vanne \u00e0 quatre voies n'est pas invers\u00e9e en place et que la vanne \u00e0 tiroir principal s'arr\u00eate en position m\u00e9diane. Au d\u00e9marrage suivant, le d\u00e9bit est insuffisant en raison de l'effet du d\u00e9bit interm\u00e9diaire ;<\/li>
Lorsque le compresseur d\u00e9marre, le d\u00e9bit est insuffisant et l'onduleur est plus \u00e9vident.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Quatre, les raisons possibles de la mauvaise commutation de la vanne \u00e0 quatre voies<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
1. La bobine est d\u00e9connect\u00e9e ou la tension ne r\u00e9pond pas aux r\u00e9glementations de la bobine, ce qui provoque la d\u00e9faillance de la bobine de la vanne pilote\u00a0;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. Pour des raisons externes, la pi\u00e8ce de la soupape pilote est d\u00e9form\u00e9e, ce qui emp\u00eache le noyau de la soupape de se d\u00e9placer\u00a0;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3. Pour des raisons externes, le tube capillaire de la vanne pilote est d\u00e9form\u00e9, le d\u00e9bit est insuffisant et la diff\u00e9rence de pression requise pour l'inversion ne peut pas \u00eatre form\u00e9e et ne peut pas \u00eatre actionn\u00e9e ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4. Pour des raisons externes, le corps de la vanne principale est d\u00e9form\u00e9 et la partie piston est bloqu\u00e9e et ne peut pas bouger\u00a0;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
5. Les d\u00e9bris pr\u00e9sents dans le syst\u00e8me p\u00e9n\u00e8trent dans la vanne \u00e0 quatre voies et bloquent le piston ou la vanne \u00e0 tiroir principal et ne peuvent plus bouger\u00a0;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
6. Lorsque la tuyauterie est bras\u00e9e, la temp\u00e9rature du corps de la vanne principale d\u00e9passe 120 \u00b0C et les pi\u00e8ces internes sont d\u00e9form\u00e9es thermiquement et ne peuvent pas bouger ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
7. Il y a une fuite externe de r\u00e9frig\u00e9rant dans le syst\u00e8me de climatisation, la quantit\u00e9 de circulation de r\u00e9frig\u00e9rant est insuffisante et la diff\u00e9rence de pression requise pour la commutation ne peut pas \u00eatre \u00e9tablie et ne peut pas \u00eatre exploit\u00e9e ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
8. Le volume de circulation du r\u00e9frig\u00e9rant du compresseur ne peut pas r\u00e9pondre au d\u00e9bit n\u00e9cessaire de la vanne d'inversion \u00e0 quatre voies\u00a0;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
9. Lorsque la fr\u00e9quence de vitesse du compresseur \u00e0 onduleur est faible, le d\u00e9bit n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 la commutation ne peut pas \u00eatre garanti\u00a0;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
10. Le compresseur \u00e0 spirale provoque un choc hydraulique dans le syst\u00e8me, ce qui endommage le piston de la vanne \u00e0 quatre voies et l'emp\u00eache de fonctionner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jugement de gaz \u00e0 cinq ou quatre voies<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e9thode de distinction du flux de gaz : touchez \u00e0 la main les trois tuyaux inf\u00e9rieurs de la vanne \u00e0 quatre voies. Si tous sont chauds, cela signifie que la vanne \u00e0 quatre voies n'est pas en place et qu'elle est dans l'\u00e9tat de flux de gaz moyen. Un petit morceau d'aimant peut \u00e9galement \u00eatre utilis\u00e9. Lorsque la direction est invers\u00e9e, le petit aimant ne bouge pas avec lui, ce qui signifie \u00e9galement que le gaz est pi\u00e9g\u00e9. Une certaine quantit\u00e9 de r\u00e9frig\u00e9rant est charg\u00e9e dans le syst\u00e8me et la direction peut \u00eatre invers\u00e9e en place.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Il existe de nombreux facteurs qui emp\u00eachent la vanne \u00e0 quatre voies de changer de direction. Lors de la maintenance, cela se manifeste souvent par un manque de refroidissement ou de chauffage. Les m\u00e9thodes d'\u00e9limination sont les suivantes :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(1) V\u00e9rifiez d\u2019abord si le r\u00e9frig\u00e9rant dans le syst\u00e8me est suffisant (il n\u2019est pas exhaustif de juger si la pression du syst\u00e8me est suffisante)\u00a0;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(2) V\u00e9rifiez le syst\u00e8me pour d\u00e9tecter toute perte de r\u00e9frig\u00e9rant caus\u00e9e par une fuite externe\u00a0;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(3) V\u00e9rifiez si le corps de la vanne \u00e0 quatre voies et le tube capillaire sont endommag\u00e9s ou d\u00e9form\u00e9s\u00a0;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(4) Il est normal de juger si la bobine est allum\u00e9e et \u00e9teinte et si la tension est dans la plage d'utilisation autoris\u00e9e\u00a0;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(5) Pour d\u00e9terminer si la vanne pilote est active ou non, il y a un bruit de claquement de bobine \u00ab tour, tour, tour \u00bb lorsque la bobine est activ\u00e9e ou d\u00e9sactiv\u00e9e, ce qui indique que la vanne pilote fonctionne normalement. \u00c0 ce stade, il est pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable d'activer uniquement la vanne \u00e0 quatre voies afin d'\u00e9couter le son.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(6) La vanne pilote fonctionne normalement et le corps de la vanne principale ne fonctionne pas, ce qui indique que la diff\u00e9rence de pression de fonctionnement minimale requise pour l'inversion de la vanne \u00e0 quatre voies n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tablie. Une quantit\u00e9 suffisante de r\u00e9frig\u00e9rant peut \u00eatre charg\u00e9e dans le syst\u00e8me pour lui permettre de commuter normalement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pour en savoir plus sur la fabrication des vannes d'inversion \u00e0 4 voies, veuillez consulter la page Machine de fabrication des vannes d'inversion \u00e0 4 voies<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
One. Structure and use of four-way valve The four-way valve consists of three parts: pilot valve main valve solenoid coil The solenoid coil can be removed. The pilot valve and the main valve are welded together. A brief introduction to the working principle of the four-way valve: When the electromagnetic coil is in a power-off […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1935,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2161","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hvac-knowledge"],"yoast_head":"\n
4-way Reversing Valve fault identification and cause analysis - Automatic Brazing Machine Induction Brazin-DoDo Machine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This article describes the principle of the 4-way reversing valve in detail, as well as the failure analysis.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dodomachine.com\/fr\/identification-des-defauts-et-analyse-des-causes-de-la-vanne-dinversion-a-4-voies\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"4-way Reversing Valve fault identification and cause analysis - Automatic Brazing Machine Induction Brazin-DoDo Machine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This article describes the principle of the 4-way reversing valve in detail, as well as the failure analysis.\" \/>\n<meta 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