Назначение флюса при пайке: понимание его важности в процессе пайки

When brazing, the purpose of flux is to prevent oxidation and contamination of the base metal and filler metal. Oxidation can weaken the joint and cause it to fail prematurely. Flux helps to remove oxides and other contaminants from the surface of the metal, making it easier for the filler metal to flow and bond with the base metal.

Flux also helps to prevent air from entering the joint during brazing, which can cause porosity and weaken the joint. Porosity is the presence of small voids or holes in the joint, which can reduce its strength and integrity. By preventing air from entering the joint, flux helps to create a strong and reliable bond between the base metal and filler metal.

Overall, the purpose of flux when brazing is to ensure a strong and reliable joint that will last for years to come. By preventing oxidation, contamination, and porosity, flux helps to create a bond that is both strong and durable. When selecting a flux for brazing, it is important to choose one that is appropriate for the base metal and filler metal being used, as well as the temperature range of the brazing process.

Что такое пайка?

Brazing is a metal joining process that uses heat and a filler metal to bond two or more metal parts together. Unlike welding, brazing does not melt the base metal, but instead melts the filler metal which then flows into the gap between the parts to be joined. The filler metal is then cooled and solidified, creating a strong and permanent bond between the parts.

Brazing is commonly used to join dissimilar metals, such as aluminum alloys and copper, and can also be used to bond materials that cannot be welded. Brazing can be performed with a variety of filler metals, including silver-brazing alloys, copper-phosphorus alloys, and lead-free solders.

The brazing process requires the use of a flux, which is a material that is applied to the joint area to prevent oxidation and promote bonding. The flux removes any oxides or other contaminants on the surface of the base metal, allowing the filler metal to flow and bond to the base metal.

The choice of filler metal and flux depends on the base material being joined and the specific application requirements. For example, silver-brazing alloys are commonly used for high-strength joints in aerospace and automotive applications, while copper-phosphorus alloys are often used for joining copper pipes in plumbing applications.

In summary, brazing is a metal joining process that uses heat and a filler metal to bond two or more metal parts together. The use of a flux is required to promote bonding and prevent oxidation. Brazing can be used to join dissimilar metals and is a versatile process that can be used in a wide range of applications.

Importance of Flux in Brazing

Brazing is a process of joining two or more metal parts by heating them to a temperature below the melting point of the base metal and then adding a filler metal that melts and flows into the joint by capillary action. One of the critical components of brazing is the use of a brazing flux. The primary purpose of the brazing flux is to protect the metal surfaces from oxidation and remove any existing oxides.

Oxidation is a process that occurs when metal is exposed to air and water, resulting in the formation of oxides. Oxides can prevent the filler metal from flowing into the joint, leading to weak or incomplete joints. The brazing flux acts as a chemical barrier, preventing the formation of oxides by removing them as they form. It also acts as a wetting agent, improving the flow of the filler metal into the joint.

The selection of the right brazing flux is crucial, as different fluxes are designed for specific applications. Borax-based fluxes are commonly used in brazing applications, as they have a low melting point and are effective at removing oxides. Fluorides and potassium salts are also common ingredients in brazing fluxes, as they can reduce the liquidus temperature of the filler material and improve the wetting action.

Fluxes can be in the form of a paste, liquid, or powder, and are applied to the metal surfaces before brazing. The flux melts and becomes active at a specific temperature, usually around 800°F (425°C). At this temperature, the flux becomes clear and active, and the bright metal surface is visible underneath.

It is essential to use the proper heat source and controlled atmosphere when brazing to ensure that the flux and filler material do not react with any contaminants in the air. Fumes from the brazing flux can also be harmful, so it is crucial to use the appropriate protective equipment and ventilation.

In summary, the use of a brazing flux is critical in brazing applications to prevent oxidation, remove existing oxides, and improve the wetting action of the filler material. The selection of the right flux is essential, as different fluxes are designed for specific applications. It is also crucial to use the proper heat source, controlled atmosphere, and protective equipment to ensure a successful brazing process.

Types of Brazing Flux

Brazing flux is an essential component in the brazing process. It helps to prevent oxidation and other contaminants from forming on the metal surface during the brazing process. Choosing the right type of brazing flux is crucial for achieving a strong, reliable brazed joint. Here are some of the most common types of brazing flux:

Rosin Flux

Rosin flux is a type of flux that is commonly used for brazing copper and brass. It is made from pine tree resin and is known for its ability to remove oxide films from the metal surface. Rosin flux is relatively easy to use and is available in a variety of forms, including paste, liquid, and powder.

Borax-Based Fluxes

Borax-based fluxes are another common type of brazing flux. They are typically used for brazing silver, brass, and copper alloys. Borax-based fluxes are made from a mixture of borax, boric acid, and other additives. They are known for their ability to dissolve oxides and other contaminants, making them an excellent choice for brazing.

Fluoroborates

Fluoroborate fluxes are a type of brazing flux that is commonly used for brazing stainless steel and other high-temperature alloys. They are made from a mixture of fluoboric acid and other additives. Fluoroborate fluxes are known for their ability to dissolve oxides and other contaminants at high temperatures, making them an excellent choice for high-temperature brazing applications.

Other Types of Brazing Flux

There are other types of brazing fluxes available, including silver brazing flux and aluminum brazing flux. Silver brazing flux is typically used for brazing silver and other high-temperature alloys. Aluminum brazing flux is used for brazing aluminum and other non-ferrous metals.

In conclusion, choosing the right type of brazing flux is crucial for achieving a strong, reliable brazed joint. Each type of brazing flux has its own unique properties and is best suited for specific applications. When selecting a brazing flux, it is important to consider the base metal being brazed, the type of brazing being performed, and the temperature range of the brazing process.

How Does Flux Work?

Flux is an essential component in the brazing process, as it helps to create strong, reliable joints between two metal surfaces. The primary purpose of flux is to prevent oxidation of the base and filler materials during the brazing process. Flux is nearly inert at room temperature, but at elevated temperatures, it becomes strongly reducing and dissolves the oxides present on the metal surface.

Wetting

Flux promotes wetting, which is the ability of a liquid to spread over a surface. When a metal surface is heated, the flux melts and spreads over the surface, reducing the surface tension of the molten filler metal. This allows the molten filler metal to flow into the joint and bond with the base metal. Without flux, the molten filler metal would bead up on the surface of the metal and not bond properly.

Капиллярное действие

Flux also promotes capillary action, which is the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the assistance of, or in opposition to, external forces like gravity. When the flux melts, it is drawn into the joint by capillary action, where it dissolves any oxides present on the metal surface. This helps to create a clean metal surface for the filler metal to bond with.

Joint Clearance

Flux also helps to fill any gaps or spaces in the joint, improving the strength of the bond. The flux melts and flows into the joint, filling any gaps or spaces and ensuring that the filler metal bonds with both surfaces of the joint.

Lap Joint

In a lap joint, where one metal surface overlaps the other, flux helps to prevent the filler metal from flowing out of the joint and onto the surface of the metal. The flux melts and flows into the joint, creating a barrier that prevents the molten filler metal from flowing out of the joint and onto the surface of the metal.

Overall, flux plays a critical role in the brazing process, promoting wetting, capillary action, joint clearance, and preventing oxidation of the base and filler materials. By using the right flux for the job, brazers can create strong, reliable joints that will stand up to the demands of their application.

Advantages of Brazing Flux

Brazing flux provides several advantages in the brazing process. Here are some of the key benefits of using brazing flux:

1. Oxide Removal

One of the primary functions of brazing flux is to remove oxides and other contaminants from the metal surface. This is important because oxides can prevent the filler metal from flowing properly and can weaken the joint. Brazing flux helps to create a clean surface that promotes good adhesion and bonding.

2. Protection

Brazing flux also provides protection for the metal during the brazing process. It helps to prevent oxidation and other types of corrosion that can occur when the metal is exposed to high temperatures. This protection helps to ensure that the metal maintains its strength and durability over time.

3. Metallurgical Bonding

Brazing flux promotes metallurgical bonding between the filler metal and the base metal. This type of bonding is stronger than other types of bonding, such as mechanical bonding. It also helps to create a joint that is more resistant to stress and other types of wear and tear.

4. Compatibility with Ferrous and Nickel Alloys

Brazing flux is compatible with a wide range of metals, including ferrous and nickel alloys. This makes it a versatile option for a variety of brazing applications.

5. Phosphorus Content

Some types of brazing flux contain phosphorus, which can help to improve the strength and durability of the joint. This is particularly important for applications where the joint will be exposed to high levels of stress or wear.

Protective Gear

It’s important to note that brazing flux can be hazardous if it is not handled properly. It can cause skin irritation and other types of health problems if it comes into contact with the skin or is inhaled. Protective gear, such as gloves and a respirator, should be worn when handling brazing flux to ensure safety.

In summary, brazing flux provides several advantages in the brazing process, including oxide removal, protection, metallurgical bonding, compatibility with ferrous and nickel alloys, and phosphorus content. However, it’s important to handle brazing flux with care and wear protective gear to ensure safety.

Furnace Brazing and Controlled Atmosphere Brazing

Furnace brazing and controlled atmosphere brazing are two types of brazing methods that use a heat source to melt the brazing filler metal. Both methods use a furnace to heat the workpiece and the filler metal to a temperature that is high enough to melt the filler metal.

In furnace brazing, the workpiece and filler metal are placed in a furnace and heated to a specific temperature. The temperature is controlled to ensure that the filler metal melts and flows into the joint. The atmosphere inside the furnace is not controlled, and therefore, oxidation can occur. To prevent oxidation, a flux is used to remove the oxide layer and protect the metal from further oxidation.

Controlled atmosphere brazing, on the other hand, uses a gaseous mixture contained in an enclosed space, usually a brazing furnace. The atmosphere, such as hydrogen, nitrogen, or dissociated ammonia, completely envelops the assemblies and, by excluding oxygen, prevents oxidation. The controlled atmosphere also ensures that the filler metal flows into the joint and forms a strong bond.

Here are some differences between furnace brazing and controlled atmosphere brazing:

• Furnace brazing is less expensive than controlled atmosphere brazing.
• Controlled atmosphere brazing produces higher quality joints than furnace brazing.
• Furnace brazing can be used for a wide range of materials, while controlled atmosphere brazing is best suited for specific materials.
• Controlled atmosphere brazing requires more equipment and maintenance than furnace brazing.

In summary, furnace brazing and controlled atmosphere brazing are two types of brazing methods that use a heat source to melt the brazing filler metal. Furnace brazing is less expensive but can result in oxidation, while controlled atmosphere brazing produces high-quality joints but requires more equipment and maintenance.